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Title:
MIFA: An MILP-based Framework for Improving Differential Fault Attacks
Authors: Hanbeom Shin, Insung Kim, Sunyeop Kim, Byoungjin Seok, Dongjae Lee, Deukjo Hong, Jaechul Sung, Seokhie Hong, Sangjin Lee
Abstract:At ASIACRYPT 2021, Baksi et al. introduced DEFAULT, a block cipher designed to algorithmically resist Differential Fault Attack (DFA), claiming 64-bit DFA security regardless of the number of injected faults. At EUROCRYPT 2022, Nageler et al. demonstrated that DEFAULT’s claimed DFA resistance can be broken by applying an information-combining technique. More recently, at ASIACRYPT 2024, Jana et al. improved DFA by searching for deterministic trails. They showed that, for DEFAULT with a simple key schedule, injecting five faults at the fifth-to-last round reduces the key space to one, and for BAKSHEESH, injecting twelve faults at the third-to-last round achieves the same result. In this paper, we propose a new DFA framework that utilizes a MixedInteger Linear Programming (MILP) solver. This framework makes it possible to attack more rounds than previously achieved, while simultaneously reducing the number of fault injections required for key recovery. Furthermore, we present a method to determine the most efficient fault injection bit positions by systematically analyzing the input differences from all possible single bit-flip faults, thereby further reducing the required number of faults. This systematic analysis has the significant advantage of allowing us to theoretically calculate the required number of faults. Applying our framework, for DEFAULT, injecting three faults at the sixth-to-last round and two faults at the seventh- and eighth-tolast rounds reduces the key space to one, and for BAKSHEESH, injecting six faults at the fourth-to-last round and nine faults at the fifth-to-last round achieves the same result.
ePrint: https://eprint.iacr.org/2025/2070
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