Welcome to the resource topic for 2025/1934
Title:
HORCRUX - A Lightweight PQC-RISC-V eXtension Architecture
Authors: Alessandra Dolmeta, Valeria Piscopo, Guido Masera, Maurizio Martina, Michael Hutter
Abstract:This work presents a RISC-V extension for Post-Quantum Cryptography
(PQC) called HORCRUX, which provides a unified Instruction-Set Extension (ISE) supporting all NIST-approved PQC algorithms. HORCRUX addresses the current fragmentation in hardware support, where existing extensions typically focus on individual algorithms or limited subsets of PQC schemes, and targets the common kernels shared across ML-KEM, ML-DSA, SLH-DSA, and HQC. To address the primary computational bottlenecks of all these algorithms (namely, modular arithmetic, matrix
multiplication, and hash transformations), the extension introduces new RISC-V instructions executed by a tightly coupled coprocessor. This coprocessor requires only minimal hardware resources, making the architecture efficient for constrained devices while still providing substantial acceleration. An experimental evaluation on a Zynq UltraScale+ FPGA demonstrates speedups of up to 3× for lattice and
hash-based schemes, and over 30× for code-based schemes, while adding less than 2,900 LUTs and 400 FFs to the design. The extension’s modular structure maintains backward compatibility with standard RISC-V cores, offering a scalable solution for deploying PQC on highly constrained embedded systems.
ePrint: https://eprint.iacr.org/2025/1934
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