[Resource Topic] 2025/1801: Quantum Circuit Implementation and Resource Analysis of AIM2

Welcome to the resource topic for 2025/1801

Title:
Quantum Circuit Implementation and Resource Analysis of AIM2

Authors: Gyeongju Song, Kyungbae Jang, Seyoung Yoon, Minwoo Lee, Hwajeong Seo

Abstract:

In this paper, we propose a quantum circuit implementation of AIM2. We apply optimization to reduce the circuit depth and introduce a method to reuse qubits by performing inverse operations in parallel.
For all AIM2 variants (AIM2-I, AIM2-III, AIM2-V), we design quantum circuits for \mathsf{Mer}^{-1}, the linear layer, \mathsf{Mer}, and feed-forward. We confirm that the \mathsf{Mer}^{-1} operation dominates the overall cost.
Compared to the previous version of AIM, AIM2 requires significantly more quantum resources since it introduces \mathsf{Mer}^{-1} before the linear layer.
Based on the proposed circuits, we estimate the cost of Grover’s algorithm for key search and compare it with the NIST estimates for AES. As a result, AIM2-I, AIM2-III, and AIM2-V achieve the post-quantum security levels of Level-1, Level-3, and Level-5, respectively.

ePrint: https://eprint.iacr.org/2025/1801

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