Welcome to the resource topic for 2025/1626
Title:
Post-Quantum Blockchain: Transition Landscape Amidst Evolving Complexity
Authors: Kigen Fukuda, Shin’ichiro Matsuo
Abstract:The emergence of Cryptographically Relevant Quantum Com-
puters (CRQCs) poses an existential threat to the security of contem-
porary blockchain networks, which rely on public-key cryptography vul-
nerable to Shor’s algorithm. While the need for a transition to Post-
Quantum Cryptography (PQC) is widely acknowledged, the evolution of
blockchains from simple transactional ledgers to complex, multi-layered
financial ecosystems has rendered early, simplistic migration plans ob-
solete. This paper provides a comprehensive analysis of the blockchain
PQC migration landscape as it stands in 2025. We dissect the core tech-
nical challenges, including the performance overhead of PQC algorithms,
the loss of signature aggregation efficiency vital for consensus and scala-
bility, and the cascading complexities within Layer 2 protocols and smart
contracts. Furthermore, the analysis extends to critical operational and
socio-economic hurdles, such as the ethical dilemma of dormant assets
and the conflicting incentives among diverse stakeholders including users,
developers, and regulators. By synthesizing ongoing community discus-
sions and roadmaps for Bitcoin, Ethereum, and others, this work estab-
lishes a coherent framework to evaluate migration requirements, aiming
to provide clarity for stakeholders navigating the path toward a quantum-
secure future.
ePrint: https://eprint.iacr.org/2025/1626
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