[Resource Topic] 2024/181: Functional Bootstrapping for FV-style Cryptosystems

Welcome to the resource topic for 2024/181

Title:
Functional Bootstrapping for FV-style Cryptosystems

Authors: Dongwon Lee, Seonhong Min, Yongsoo Song

Abstract:

Fully Homomorphic encryption (FHE) enables the computation of an arbitrary function over encrypted data without decrypting them. In particular, bootstrapping is a core building block of FHE which reduces the noise of a ciphertext thereby recovering the computational capability.

This paper introduces a new bootstrapping framework for the Fan-Vercuteren (FV) scheme, called the functional bootstrapping, providing more generic and advanced functionality than the ordinary bootstrapping method. More specifically, the functional bootstrapping allows us to evaluate an arbitrary function while removing the error of an input ciphertext. Therefore, we achieve better depth consumption and computational complexity as the evaluation of a circuit can be integrated as part of the functional bootstrapping procedure. In particular, our approach extends the functionality of FV since it is even applicable to functions between different plaintext spaces.

At the heart of our functional bootstrapping framework is a novel homomorphic Look-Up Table (LUT) evaluation method where we represent any LUT using only the operations supported by the FV scheme. Finally, we provide a proof-of-concept implementation and present benchmarks. In concrete examples, such as delta and sign functions, our functional bootstrapping takes about 46.5s or 171.4s for 9-bit or 13-bit plaintext modulus, respectively.

ePrint: https://eprint.iacr.org/2024/181

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