[Resource Topic] 2024/1217: A Compact and Parallel Swap-Based Shuffler based on butterfly Network and its complexity against Side Channel Analysis

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Title:
A Compact and Parallel Swap-Based Shuffler based on butterfly Network and its complexity against Side Channel Analysis

Authors: Jong-Yeon Park, Wonil Lee, Bo Gyeong Kang, Il-jong Song, Jaekeun Oh, Kouichi Sakurai

Abstract:

A prominent countermeasure against side channel attacks, the hiding countermeasure, typically involves shuffling operations using a permutation algorithm. Especially in the era of Post-Quantum Cryptography, the importance of the hiding coun- termeasure is emphasized due to computational characteristics like those of lattice and code-based cryptography. In this context, swiftly and securely generating permutations has a critical impact on an algorithmโ€™s security and efficiency. The widely adopted Fisher-Yates shuffle, because of its high security and ease of implementation, is prevalent. However, it has a limitation of complexity O(๐‘) due to its sequential nature. In response, we propose a time-area trade-off swap algorithm, FSS, based on the Butterfly Network with only log(๐‘) depth, log(๐‘) works and O(1) operation time in parallel. We will calculate the maximum gain that an attacker can achieve through butterfly operations with only log(๐‘) depth from side channel analysis perspective. In particular, we will show that it is possible to derive a generalized formula of the attack complexity with higher-order side channel attacks for arbitrary input sizes through a fractal structure of the butterfly network. Furthermore, our research highlights the possibility of generating efficient and secure permutations utilizing a minimal amount of randomness.

ePrint: https://eprint.iacr.org/2024/1217

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