Welcome to the resource topic for 2023/661
Title:
Study of Arithmetization Methods for STARKs
Authors: Tiago Martins, João Farinha
Abstract:This technical paper explores two solutions for arithmetization of computational integrity statements in STARKs, namely the algebraic intermediate representation, AIR, and is preprocessed variant, PAIR. The work then focuses on their soundness implications for Reed-Solomon proximity testing. It proceeds by presenting a comparative study of these methods, providing their theoretical foundations and deriving the degree bounds for low-degree proximity testing. The study shows that using PAIR increases the degree bound for Reed-Solomon proximity testing, which affects its soundness and complexity, but also explores the possibility of reducing the degree bound with multiple selector columns. The paper concludes that, while PAIR might simplify constraint enforcement, it can be easily translated to AIR, and system testing with benchmarks is necessary to determine the application-specific superiority of either method. This work should provide insight into the strengths and limitations of each method, helping researchers and practitioners in the field of STARKs make informed design choices.
ePrint: https://eprint.iacr.org/2023/661
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