[Resource Topic] 2023/657: Ou: Automating the Parallelization of Zero-Knowledge Protocols

Welcome to the resource topic for 2023/657

Title:
Ou: Automating the Parallelization of Zero-Knowledge Protocols

Authors: Yuyang Sang, Ning Luo, Samuel Judson, Ben Chaimberg, Timos Antonopoulos, Xiao Wang, Ruzica Piskac, Zhong Shao

Abstract:

A zero-knowledge proof (ZKP) is a powerful cryptographic primitive used in many decentralized or privacy-focused applications. However, the high overhead of ZKPs can restrict their practical applicability. We design a programming language, Ou, aimed at easing the programmer’s burden when writing efficient ZKPs, and a compiler framework, Lian, that automates the analysis and distribution of statements to a computing cluster. Lian uses programming language semantics, formal methods, and combinatorial optimization to automatically partition an Ou program into efficiently sized chunks for parallel ZK-proving and/or verification.

We contribute:
• A front-end language where users can write proof statements as imperative programs in a familiar syntax;
• A compiler architecture and implementation that automatically analyzes the program and compiles it into an optimized IR that can be lifted to a variety of ZKP constructions; and
• A cutting algorithm, based on Pseudo-Boolean optimization and Integer Linear Programming, that reorders instructions and then partitions the program into efficiently sized chunks for parallel evaluation and efficient state reconciliation.

ePrint: https://eprint.iacr.org/2023/657

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