[Resource Topic] 2023/1286: Quantum Attacks on Hash Constructions with Low Quantum Random Access Memory

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Title:
Quantum Attacks on Hash Constructions with Low Quantum Random Access Memory

Authors: Xiaoyang Dong, Shun Li, Phuong Pham, Guoyan Zhang

Abstract:

At ASIACRYPT 2022, Benedikt, Fischlin, and Huppert proposed the quantum herding attacks on iterative hash functions for the first time. Their attack needs exponential size of quantum random access memory (qRAM). As the existence of large qRAM is questionable, Benedikt et al. left open question for building low-qRAM quantum herding attacks.

In this paper, we answer this open question by building a quantum herding attack, where the time complexity is slightly increased from Benedikt et al.'s 2^{0.43n} to ours 2^{0.46n}, but the size of qRAM is reduced from Benedikt et al.'s 2^{0.43n} to ours \mathcal{O}(n). Besides, we also introduce various low-qRAM quantum attacks on hash concatenation combiner, hash XOR combiner, Hash-Twice, and Zipper hash functions.

ePrint: https://eprint.iacr.org/2023/1286

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