[Resource Topic] 2023/1051: Automated Analysis of Halo2 Circuits

Welcome to the resource topic for 2023/1051

Title:
Automated Analysis of Halo2 Circuits

Authors: Fatemeh Heidari Soureshjani, Mathias Hall-Andersen, MohammadMahdi Jahanara, Jeffrey Kam, Jan Gorzny, Mohsen Ahmadvand

Abstract:

Zero-knowledge proof systems are becoming increasingly prevalent and being widely used to secure decentralized financial systems and protect the privacy of users. Given the sensitivity of these applications, zero-knowledge proof systems are a natural target for formal verification methods. We describe methods for checking one such proof system: Halo2. We use abstract interpretation and an SMT solver to check various properties of Halo2 circuits. Using abstract interpretation, we can detect unused gates, unconstrained cells, and unused columns. Using an SMT solver, we can detect under-constrained (in the sense that for the same public input they have two efficiently computable satisfying assignments) circuits. This is the first work we are aware of that applies lightweight formal methods to PLONKish arithmetization and Halo2 circuits.

ePrint: https://eprint.iacr.org/2023/1051

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