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Title:
Leveling Dilithium against Leakage: Revisited Sensitivity Analysis and Improved Implementations
Authors: Melissa Azouaoui, Olivier Bronchain, Gaëtan Cassiers, Clément Hoffmann, Yulia Kuzovkova, Joost Renes, Markus Schönauer, Tobias Schneider, François-Xavier Standaert, Christine van Vredendaal
Abstract:CRYSTALS-Dilithium has been selected by the NIST as the new standard for
post-quantum digital signatures. In this work, we revisit the side-channel
countermeasures of Dilithium in three directions. First, we improve its
sensitivity analysis by classifying intermediate computations according their
physical security requirements. This allows us to identify which parts of
Dilithium must be protected against Differential Power Analysis (DPA), which
parts must be protected against Simple Power Analysis (SPA) and which parts can
leak in an unbounded manner. Second, we provide improved gadgets dedicated to
Dilithium, taking advantage of recent advances in masking conversion
algorithms. Third, we combine these contributions with standard shuffling
techniques in order to design so-called leveled implementations that offer an
improved security vs. performance trade-off compared to the state-of-the-art.
Our benchmarking results additionally put forward that the randomized version
of Dilithium can lead to significantly more efficient implementations (than its
deterministic version) when side-channel attacks are a concern.
ePrint: https://eprint.iacr.org/2022/1406
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