[Resource Topic] 2022/807: Side-Channel Analysis of Saber KEM Using Amplitude-Modulated EM Emanations

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Title:
Side-Channel Analysis of Saber KEM Using Amplitude-Modulated EM Emanations

Authors: Ruize Wang, Kalle Ngo, and Elena Dubrova

Abstract:

In the ongoing last round of NIST’s post-quantum cryptography standardization competition, side-channel analysis of finalists is a main focus of attention. While their resistance to timing, power and near field electromagnetic (EM) side-channels has been thoroughly investigated, amplitude-modulated EM emanations has not been considered so far. The attacks based on amplitude-modulated EM emanations are more stealthy because they exploit side-channels intertwined into the signal transmitted by an on-chip antenna. Thus, they can be mounted on a distance from the device under attack. In this paper, we present the first results of an amplitude-modulated EM side-channel analysis of one of the NIST PQ finalists, Saber key encapsulation mechanism (KEM), implemented on the nRF52832 (ARM Cortex-M4) system-on-chip supporting Bluetooth 5. By capturing amplitude-modulated EM emanations during decapsulation, we can recover each bit of the session key with 0.91 probability on average.

ePrint: https://eprint.iacr.org/2022/807

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