[Resource Topic] 2022/406: Counting Vampires: From Univariate Sumcheck to Updatable ZK-SNARK

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Title:
Counting Vampires: From Univariate Sumcheck to Updatable ZK-SNARK

Authors: Helger Lipmaa, Janno Siim, and Michal Zajac

Abstract:

We propose a univariate sumcheck argument \mathfrak{Count} of essentially optimal communication efficiency of one group element. While the previously most efficient univariate sumcheck argument of Aurora is based on polynomial commitments, \mathfrak{Count} is based on inner-product commitments. We use \mathfrak{Count} to construct a new pairing-based updatable and universal zk-SNARK \mathfrak{Vampire} with the shortest known argument length (four group and two finite field elements) for \mathsf{NP}. In addition, \mathfrak{Vampire} uses the aggregated polynomial commitment scheme of Boneh \emph{et al}.

ePrint: https://eprint.iacr.org/2022/406

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