[Resource Topic] 2020/941: Alternative Tower Field Construction for Quantum Implementation of the AES S-box

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Title:
Alternative Tower Field Construction for Quantum Implementation of the AES S-box

Authors: Doyoung Chung, Seungkwang Lee, Dooho choi, Jooyoung Lee

Abstract:

Grover’s search algorithm allows a quantum adversary to find a k-bit secret key of a block cipher by making O(2k/2) block cipher queries. Resistance of a block cipher to such an attack is evaluated by quantum resources required to implement Grover’s oracle for the target cipher. The quantum resources are typically estimated by the T-depth of its circuit implementation (time) and the number of qubits used by the circuit (space). Since the AES S-box is the only component which requires T-gates in the quantum implementation of AES, recent research has put its focus on efficient implementation of the AES S-box. However, any efficient implementation with low T-depth will not be practical in the real world without considering qubit consumption of the implementation. In this work, we propose four methods of trade-off between time and space for the quantum implementation of the AES S-box. In particular,one of our methods turns out to use the smallest number of qubits among the existing methods, significantly reducing its T-depth.

ePrint: https://eprint.iacr.org/2020/941

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