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Title:
LMS vs XMSS: Comparison of Stateful Hash-Based Signature Schemes on ARM Cortex-M4
Authors: Fabio Campos, Tim Kohlstadt, Steffen Reith, Marc Stoettinger
Abstract:Stateful hash-based signature schemes are among the most efficient approaches for post-quantum signature schemes. Although not suitable for general use, they may be suitable for some use cases on constrained devices. LMS and XMSS are hash-based signature schemes that are conjectured to be quantum secure. In this work, we compared multiple instantiations of both schemes on an ARM Cortex-M4. More precisely, we compared performance, stack consumption, and other figures for key generation, signing and verifying. To achieve this, we evaluated LMS and XMSS using optimised implementations of SHA-256, SHAKE256, Gimli-Hash, and different variants of Keccak. Furthermore, we present slightly optimised implementations of XMSS achieving speedups of up to 3.11x for key generation, 3.11x for signing, and 4.32x for verifying.
ePrint: https://eprint.iacr.org/2020/470
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