[Resource Topic] 2014/819: Riding on Asymmetry: Efficient ABE for Branching Programs

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Title:
Riding on Asymmetry: Efficient ABE for Branching Programs

Authors: Sergey Gorbunov, Dhinakaran Vinayagamurthy

Abstract:

In an Attribute-Based Encryption (ABE) scheme the ciphertext encrypting a message \mu, is associated with a public attribute vector \vecx and a secret key \sk_P is associated with a predicate P. The decryption returns \mu if and only if P(\vecx) = 1. ABE provides efficient and simple mechanism for data sharing supporting fine-grained access control. Moreover, it is used as a critical component in constructions of succinct functional encryption, reusable garbled circuits, token-based obfuscation and more. In this work, we describe a new efficient ABE scheme for a family of branching programs with short secret keys and from a mild assumption. In particular, in our construction the size of the secret key for a branching program P is |P| + \poly(\secp), where \secp is the security parameter. Our construction is secure assuming the standard Learning With Errors (LWE) problem with approximation factors n^{\omega(1)}. Previous constructions relied on n^{O(\log n)} approximation factors of LWE (resulting in less efficient parameters instantiation) or had large secret keys of size |P| \times \poly(\secp). We rely on techniques developed by Boneh et al. (EUROCRYPT’14) and Brakerski et al. (ITCS’14) in the context of ABE for circuits and fully-homomorphic encryption.

ePrint: https://eprint.iacr.org/2014/819

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