[Resource Topic] 2011/504: From Non-Adaptive to Adaptive Pseudorandom Functions

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Title:
From Non-Adaptive to Adaptive Pseudorandom Functions

Authors: Iftach Haitner, Itay Berman

Abstract:

Unlike the standard notion of pseudorandom functions (PRF), a non-adaptive PRF is only required to be indistinguishable from a random function in the eyes of a non-adaptive distinguisher (i.e., one that prepares its oracle calls in advance). A recent line of research has studied the possibility of a direct construction of adaptive PRFs from non-adaptive ones, where direct means that the constructed adaptive PRF uses only few (ideally, constant number of) calls to the underlying non-adaptive PRF. Unfortunately, this study has only yielded negative results, showing that ``natural" such constructions are unlikely to exist (e.g., Myers [EUROCRYPT '04], Pietrzak05 [CRYPTO '05, EUROCRYPT '06]). We give an affirmative answer to the above question, presenting a direct construction of adaptive PRFs from non-adaptive ones. The suggested construction is extremely simple, a composition of the non-adaptive PRF with an appropriate pairwise independent hash function.

ePrint: https://eprint.iacr.org/2011/504

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