Welcome to the resource topic for 2005/061
Title:
Key Derivation and Randomness Extraction
Authors: Olivier Chevassut, Pierre-Alain Fouque, Pierrick Gaudry, David Pointcheval
Abstract:Key derivation refers to the process by which an agreed upon large
random number, often named master secret, is used to derive keys to
encrypt and authenticate data. Practitioners and standardization
bodies have usually used the random oracle model to get key material
from a Diffie-Hellman key exchange. However, proofs in the standard model
require randomness extractors to formally extract the entropy of the
random master secret into a seed prior to derive other keys.
This paper first deals with the protocol \Sigma_0, in which the key
derivation phase is (deliberately) omitted, and security inaccuracies
in the analysis and design of the Internet Key Exchange
(IKE version 1) protocol, corrected in IKEv2.
They do not endanger the practical use of IKEv1, since the security
could be proved, at least, in the random oracle model.
However, in the standard model, there is not yet any formal global security
proof, but just separated analyses which do not fit together well.
The first simplification is common in the theoretical security analysis
of several key exchange protocols, whereas the key derivation phase is a
crucial step for theoretical reasons, but also practical purpose, and
requires careful analysis. The second problem is a gap between the
recent theoretical analysis of HMAC as a good randomness extractor
(functions keyed with public but random elements) and its practical
use in IKEv1 (the key may not be totally random, because of the lack
of clear authentication of the nonces).
Since the latter problem comes from the probabilistic property of this
extractor, we thereafter review some \textit{deterministic}
randomness extractors and suggest the \emph{‘Twist-AUgmented’}
technique, a new extraction method quite well-suited for
Diffie-Hellman-like scenarios.
ePrint: https://eprint.iacr.org/2005/061
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