Welcome to the resource topic for 2001/063
Title:
Resettably-Sound Zero-Knowledge and its Applications
Authors: Boaz Barak, Oded Goldreich, Shafi Goldwasser, Yehuda Lindell
Abstract:Resettably-sound proofs and arguments remain sound even when the
prover can reset the verifier, and so force it to use the same
random coins in repeated executions of the protocol. We show that
resettably-sound zero-knowledge {\em arguments} for NP exist
if collision-resistant hash functions exist. In contrast,
resettably-sound zero-knowledge {\em proofs} are possible only
for languages in P/poly.
We present two applications of resettably-sound zero-knowledge
arguments. First, we construct resettable zero-knowledge arguments
of knowledge for NP, using a natural relaxation of the
definition of arguments (and proofs) of knowledge. We note that,
under the standard definition of proofs of knowledge, it is
impossible to obtain resettable zero-knowledge arguments of
knowledge for languages outside BPP. Second, we construct a
constant-round resettable zero-knowledge argument for NP in the
public-key model, under the assumption that collision-resistant
hash functions exist. This improves upon the sub-exponential
hardness assumption required by previous constructions.
We emphasize that our results use non-black-box zero-knowledge
simulations. Indeed, we show that some of the results are {\em
impossible} to achieve using black-box simulations. In
particular, only languages in BPP have resettably-sound
arguments that are zero-knowledge with respect to black-box
simulation.
ePrint: https://eprint.iacr.org/2001/063
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